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2

E FIRST AFGHAN WAR

CHAP.

I.--PRELIMINARY

II.--THE MARCH TO CABUL

III.--THE FIRST YEAR OF OCCUPATION

IV.--THE SECOND YEAR OF OCCUPATION

V.--THE BEGINNING OF THE END

VI.--THE ROAD TO RUIN

VII.--THE CATASTROPHE

VIII.--THE SIEGE AND DEFENCE OF JELLALABAD

IX.--RETRIBUTION AND RESCUE

PART II.--THE SECOND AFGHAN WAR

I.--THE FIRST CAMPAIGN

II.--THE OPENING OF THE SECOND CAMPAIGN

III.--THE LULL BEFORE THE STORM

IV.--THE DECEMBER STORM

V.--ON THE DEFENSIVE IN SHERPUR

VI.--AHMED KHEL

VII.--THE AMEER ABDURRAHMAN

VIII.--MAIWAND AND THE GREAT MARCH

IX.--THE BATTLE OF CANDAHAR * * * * *

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND PLANS

PORTRAIT OF SIR FREDERICK ROBERTS Frontispiece PLAN OF CABUL, THE CANTONMENT

PORTRAIT OF SIR GEORGE POLLOCK

PORTRAIT OF SIR LOUIS CAVAGNARI AND SIRDARS

PLAN OF CABUL SHOWING THE ACTIONS, DEC. 11-14

PLAN OF ACTION, AHMED KHEL

PORTRAIT OF THE AMEER ABDURRAHMAN

PLAN OF THE ACTION OF MAIWAND

PLAN OF THE ACTION OF CANDAHAR

_The Portraits of Sir G. Pollock and Sir F. Roberts are engraved by permission of Messrs Henry Graves & Co._

* * * * *

THE AFGHAN WARS

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PART I: THE FIRST AFGHAN WAR

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CHAPTER I

: PRELIMINARY

Since it was the British complications with Persia which mainly furnished what pretext there was for the invasion of Afghanistan by an Anglo-Indian army in 1839, some brief recital is necessary of the relations between Great Britain and Persia prior to that aggression.

By a treaty, concluded between England and Persia in 1814, the former state bound itself, in case of the invasion of

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