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erences of opinion and of resultant conduct on both sides, it has been thought well to include among "American Leaders" a man who stands before all Americans as the chief embodiment of the "cause" for which so many gallant soldiers died--Robert E. Lee. His personal character was so lofty, his military genius so eminent, that North and South alike looked up to him while living and mourned him dead. His career is depicted by one who has given it careful study, and who, himself a wounded veteran officer of the Union army, and regarding the Southern cause as one well "lost," as to its chief aims of Secession and protection to Slavery, in the interest of civilization and of the South itself, yet holds a high appreciation of the noble man who is its chief representative. The paper on "Robert E. Lee: The Southern Confederacy," is from the pen of Dr. E. Benjamin Andrews, Chancellor of the University of Nebraska.

NEW YORK, September, 1902.

CONTENTS.

ANDREW JACKSON.

PERSONAL POLITICS.

Early life of Jackson Studies law Popularity and personal traits Sent to Congress A judge in Tennessee Major-general of militia Indian fighter and duellist The Creek war Tecumseh Massacre at Fort Mims Jackson made major-general of the regular army The Creek war At Pensacola At Mobile At New Orleans The battle of New Orleans Effect of his successes The Seminole war Jackson as governor of Florida Senator in Congress President James Monroe President John Quincy Adams Election of Jackson as president Jackson's speeches Cabinet The "Kitchen Cabinet" System of appointments The "Spoils System" Hostile giants in the Senate Jackson's opposition to tariffs Financial policy The democracy hostile to a money power War on the United States Bank Nicholas Biddle Isaac Hill and Secretary Ingham Opposition to the re-charter of the bank The President's veto Removal of deposits Jackson's high-handed measures The mania for speculation "Pet Banks" Commercial distress Nullification Sale of public lands John C. Calhou

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